What is a P-Value?Ī p-value falls between 0 and 1 just like the likelihood of an event happening, it gives the probability of a null hypothesis being valid. R gives you a number of functions that you can use to make such calculations for a large data frame fairly quickly.īefore I dive into the coding and the methodology of how you can find the standard score for a p value in R, I’ll explain what exactly these terms mean and why you need them.
While a statistic class sometimes teaches you how to do this on paper, it is important to be able to do this quickly. Statistical parameters such as the p value and the zscore, also called the standard score, are largely used to make such calculations. You can use R to find the Z-Score for a given P value using the qnorm() function.
Or you may also have to find out what percentage of the class failed a particular component of the course. Given a numerical data frame of students’ grades in a class, you may be given the task of finding information like what is the relative position of a particular student in the final exam.
